超导高频铜腔镀铌研究进展
Latest Progress in Nb-Coating Synthesized on Wall of Superconducting RF Cu-Cavity:A Review Study
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摘要: 随着粒子加速器超导高频技术的发展,超导高频腔的加速梯度与Q0值已接近纯铌材料的极限。然而,相比纯铌材超导高频腔,铜镀铌腔具有热稳定性高、机械稳定性高、对于直流磁场不敏感、RF性能和热性能可分离、优化的BCS电阻等优点。但目前铜镀铌腔在中等加速梯度(10~15 MV/m)下有较为严重的Q值下降,而且随超导腔的频率增加其下降趋势增大。近年来,镀膜超导高频腔的研究热点主要集中在:①通过采用能量更高的沉积技术,如:高功率脉冲磁控溅射、阴极电弧法、电子束等离子体蒸镀法、激光脉冲沉积等方法,降低薄膜内缺陷,提高薄膜的致密度,薄膜与衬底的结合力;②通过研究薄膜中氧、氢等杂质含量对表面剩余电阻等的影响,进而分析引起Q值下降的原理;③研发性能更优的多层膜结构以及新型沉积方法等。铜镀铌腔在LEP、LHC等粒子加速器中已经得到应用,并且稳定运行多年,证明其工程应用的可靠性与实际意义。Abstract: The latest progress in deposition of Nb-coatings on superconducting RF copper-cavity wall was tentatively reviewed. The discussions with specific examples focused on:i) the advantages over bulk Nb-cavity, including high thermal/mechanical stability, insensitivity to DC magnetic field, separation of RF/thermal performance, optimization of BCS-resistance and low fabrication cost; ii) the existing problem of severe Q-slope, particularly in medium acceleration gradient(10~15 MV/m), became worse with an increase of frequency; iii) the advanced coating technologies, including the high power magnetron sputtering, cathode arc deposition, e-beam plasma evaporation deposition, laser pulse deposition, for reduction of defects, increase of Nb compactness, improvement of interfacial adhesion and for synthesis of multilayers and composite coatings; and iv) the basic studies, such as the influence of trapped O2/H2/N2 on surface residual resistance and Q-slope formation mechanisms. The Nb-coated cavities have been successfully operating in LEP and LHC accelerators for many years.