Abstract: The influence of the cutting conditions,including but not limited to the quantity of oils-on-water(OoW) cutting fluid,feed rate,cutting speed/depth,properties/materials of cutting tool and workpiece,on the surface roughness of cut edges,was investigated via center composite design of experiment,by formulation of response regression model,in Response Surface Methodology(RSM) and with Design-Expert software for optimization of the cutting conditions in OoW technique.The preliminary results show that when it comes to minimum surface roughness,OoW technique considerably outperforms the conventional emulsion injection.We suggest that with a workpiece of austenitic stainless steel,the optimized combination of cutting conditions in OoW technique may include:a cutting speed of 119.97 m/min,a feed rate of 0.14 mm/r and a cutting depth of 0.48 mm.