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磁浮飞行风洞动模型与磁浮平台气动特性

Aerodynamic Characteristics of Maglev Flight Wind Tunnel Moving Model and Maglev Platform

  • 摘要: 磁浮飞行风洞是利用磁悬浮技术和动模型试验原理提出的一种新概念空气动力试验研究设施。高阻塞比、不规则的气动外形和极高的运动速度导致动模型和磁浮平台气动特性复杂。通过建立三维气动分析模型,对磁浮飞行风洞中的高速运动的动模型与磁浮平台气动特性进行分析,分析结果表明:常压、小阻塞度状态动模型运动诱导的压力脉动较小,常压、大阻塞度状态动模型运动诱导的压力脉动较大,且压力脉动是一个类似于压缩波的低频信号,随动模型一起运动。高速运动的磁浮平台随运行速度增加,背景压力下降影响,磁浮平台前方正压区域先增大后减小,负压作用效应则是先增强后减弱。即使背景压力下降,磁浮平台受到的气动阻力和气动升力仍随着速度的增加而不断增大,表明磁浮飞行风洞设计的气动边界主要为搭载大阻塞度模型的磁浮平台高速运行工况。

     

    Abstract: The maglev flight wind tunnel is a new-concept aerodynamic test and research facility proposed based on maglev technology and the principle of moving model testing. High blockage ratio, irregular aerodynamic shape, and extremely high movement speed result in complex aerodynamic characteristics of the moving model and maglev platform. By establishing a three-dimensional aerodynamic analysis model, the aerodynamic characteristics of the high-speed moving model and maglev platform in the maglev flight wind tunnel were analyzed. The analysis results show that: under normal pressure and low blockage ratio conditions, the pressure pulsation induced by the movement of the moving model is small; under normal pressure and high blockage ratio conditions, the pressure pulsation induced by the movement of the moving model is large. The pressure pulsation is a low-frequency signal similar to a compression wave, moving along with the moving model. As the operating speed of the high-speed moving maglev platform increases, affected by the decrease in background pressure, the positive pressure area in front of the maglev platform increases first and then decreases. While the negative pressure effect strengthens first and then weakens. Even though the background pressure decreases, the aerodynamic drag and aerodynamic lift on the maglev platform continue to increase with the increase in speed, indicating that the aerodynamic boundary for the design of the maglev flight wind tunnel is mainly the high-speed operation condition of the maglev platform with a high-blockage-ratio model.

     

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