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真空下陶瓷的摩擦放气现象及机理研究

The Frictional Outgassing Phenomenon and Mechanism of Ceramics under Vacuum

  • 摘要: 压电陶瓷电机凭借高精度控制与无润滑系统的特性,在高真空乃至超高真空系统中应用日益广泛。然而,依靠摩擦驱动的压电陶瓷电机在运行时,不可避免地会产生摩擦放气现象,排出的气体将污染洁净的真空环境。因此,开展陶瓷在真空条件下的摩擦放气实验,研究其放气现象与机理,是有效控制摩擦放气影响的关键。本文以常用的 96% 氧化铝陶瓷片为研究对象,在不同载荷、滑动速度和滑动距离的变量下,测定其摩擦放气量;运用 RGA 质谱仪分析摩擦过程中释放的气体成分;利用SEM观测摩擦前后陶瓷微观表面变化。通过分析不同条件下的放气量曲线,探究诱导陶瓷摩擦放气的影响因素。结果表明:放气量与载荷、速度、距离均呈线性正相关,证实其受多因素协同作用,包括缺陷溶解气体释放、亚表面缺陷贯通及摩擦热效应。该发现为真空系统中陶瓷摩擦放气的控制提供了关键依据。

     

    Abstract: Piezoelectric ceramic motors, valued for their high-precision control and lubrication-free operation, are finding increasingly widespread application in high-vacuum and even ultra-high-vacuum systems. However, the friction-driven nature of these motors inevitably leads to friction-induced outgassing during operation. The released gases contaminate the pristine vacuum environment. Therefore, conducting friction outgassing experiments on ceramics under vacuum conditions and investigating the outgassing phenomena and mechanisms are critical for effectively mitigating the impact of friction outgassing. This study employed commonly used 96% alumina ceramic plates as the research subject. The friction-induced outgassing volume was measured under varying loads, sliding speeds, and sliding distances. The composition of the released gases during friction was analyzed using an RGA (Residual Gas Analyzer) mass spectrometer. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) was used to observe the microstructural surface changes of ceramics induced by friction. By analyzing the outgassing volume curves under different conditions, the influencing factors inducing ceramic friction outgassing were investigated. The results indicate a linear positive correlation between outgassing volume and load, speed, and distance, confirming its synergistic dependence on multiple factors, including the release of gas dissolved in defects, interconnection of subsurface defects, and the frictional heating effect. These findings provide key insights for controlling ceramic friction outgassing in vacuum systems.

     

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