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复杂载荷下的真空腔体结构变形传递特性

Deformation Transfer Characteristics of Vacuum Chamber Structures under Complex Loading Conditions

  • 摘要: 引力波作为爱因斯坦广义相对论所预言的时空扰动,对于探究致密天体的演化以及早期宇宙结构具有重要的科学价值。现代引力波探测器利用飞米级的激光干涉测量技术来监测自由悬浮测试质量块的微小位移,空间引力波探测任务(如激光干涉空间天线,Laser Interferometer Space Antenna, LISA)需在超高真空(Ultra-High Vacuum, UHV)腔室内维持惯性传感器核心的稳定性,以捕捉低频引力波信号。由于腔体螺栓连接区域承受复杂的机械载荷,会通过结构耦合产生梯度变形导致光学基准面产生相位噪声,从而影响引力波信号的探测灵敏度,所以需要对该区域的变形进行测量。传统的侵入式检测会破坏真空密封性,这篇文章提出基于变形传递理论的非接触式反演方法。通过建立真空腔体弹塑性有限元模型,结合参数化载荷分析来揭示螺栓连接区域的变形规律,构建内外部位移场的数学映射关系。结果表明,腔体内部变形通过机械耦合作用使外部构件产生线性梯度变形,总位移与竖直方向传递率分别为31.5%和26.7%,反演误差小于1%。这个方法有效地突破了传统侵入式检测的技术局限,实现了基于外部位移的非接触式内部状态反演。为惯性传感器的稳定性优化与寿命预测提供了理论依据,适用于航空航天领域高封装精度传感器的健康监测。

     

    Abstract: Gravitational waves, as predicted by Einstein's General Relativity, are spacetime disturbances that hold significant scientific value for exploring the evolution of compact celestial bodies and the structure of the early universe. Modern gravitational wave detectors utilize laser interferometry with micrometer-scale measurement techniques to monitor tiny displacements of freely suspended test masses. Space gravitational wave detection missions, such as the Laser Interferometer Space Antenna (LISA), require maintaining the stability of the inertial sensor core within an ultra-high vacuum (UHV) chamber to capture low-frequency gravitational wave signals. Due to the complex mechanical loads experienced by the bolted connections of the chamber, structural coupling generates gradient deformation leading to phase noise on the optical reference surface, thereby affecting the detection sensitivity of the gravitational wave signals. Hence, it is essential to measure the deformation in this region. Traditional intrusive detection methods compromise vacuum integrity, which this article addresses by proposing a non-contact inversion method based on the deformation transfer theory. By establishing a viscoelastic finite element model of the vacuum chamber and combining parametric load analysis, the deformation patterns of the bolted connection regions are revealed, enabling the construction of mathematical mappings between internal and external displacement fields. The results indicate that the deformation within the chamber generates linear gradient deformation in external components through mechanical coupling, with total displacements and vertical transfer rates of 31.5% and 26.7%, respectively, and an inversion error of less than 1%. This method effectively overcomes the technical limitations of traditional intrusive detection, achieving non-contact internal state inversion based on external displacements. It provides a theoretical basis for optimizing the stability and lifespan prediction of inertial sensors, making it applicable to the health monitoring of high-precision encapsulated sensors in the aerospace field.

     

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