Abstract: In order to explore the influencing factors of rapid decompression equilibrium time and fluid excitation in low-pressure chambers, an orthogonal test table is designed, the one-dimensional constant isentropic flow theory of compressible gases and the CFD simulation analysis method based on Workbench are used as research methods, and a test platform based on high-precision sensor, PLC and LabView is built to conduct rapid decompression burst test. Compared with the theoretical calculation, CFD simulation and test results, the highest error between theoretical calculation and test was 17.38%, and the lowest error was 0.4%. The highest error between the simulation results and the test is 8.8%, and the lowest error is 2.04%. If the influence of gas friction and other factors during theoretical calculation and the error of the opening time of the rapid pressure relief valve during the test are about 540 ms, the rapid pressure reduction equilibrium time obtained by the three is approximated, and the simulation is consistent with the waveform of the test curve, which verifies the accuracy of the existing formulas and simulation methods. The influencing factors of the oscillation characteristics of the rapid decompression process are the size of the pipe diameter of the throat, the pressure difference between the two compartments and the initial pressure of the two compartments. The above results provide guidance for the design of the cabin and throat channel of the low-pressure rapid decompression cabin, which can prevent the damage of fluid excitation to the cabin and improve the safety of the test.