Abstract: Metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) materials are widely used in the field of battery materials because of their highly controllable structure and tunable porosity. However, the low conductivity of MOFs and the low utilization of active sites due to the stacked structure make them difficult to be used as electrode materials directly. In this paper, carbon nanofiber composites loaded with nanoscale Co-MOF particles were prepared by in situ growth of Co-MOF on the fiber surface through the gas-solid reaction method, and the structural morphology and lithium battery properties of the composites were analyzed. The introduction of porous carbon fibers and the generation of smaller-size MOFs have greatly improved the electrical conductivity and stability of the composites. When used as the negative electrode of Li-ion batteries, the Co-MOF/Pcnf has a reversible capacity of 1081 mAh/g after 100 cycles at a current density of 0.1 A/g, and still has a reversible capacity of 623.4 mAh/g after 1000 cycles at a high current density of 1 A/g.