不同流态下真空管道流导值的数值模拟研究
Numerical Simulation of Flow Conductivity of Vacuum Pipeline under Different Flow Regimes
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摘要: 不同流态下真空管道流导值的理论计算方法及数值模拟方法具有较大差异,而不同方法和软件的适用性及准确性尚缺乏系统研究。本文以质谱取样管道作为研究对象,利用平均克努森数将管道内分为连续流、过渡流、分子流三个流态,分别采用不同的模拟方法对管道流导进行计算,通过与管道流导计算公式比对,验证了模拟方法的适用性及准确性。结果表明,不同模拟方法所得流导值在相适应的流态范围内与理论值吻合良好;阻塞效应下的粘滞流流导公式已不适用;通过添加二阶滑移边界条件以修正纳维斯托克斯方程的方法,可实现对过渡流区域流导计算的扩展,利用此方法可代替直接模拟蒙特卡罗法对过渡流区域内的大型真空管道流导进行计算,以减少模拟的计算量。研究结果为更为复杂工况下的真空管道流导计算提供方法选择上的参考。Abstract: The theoretical calculation methods and numerical simulation software of vacuum pipeline conductance value under different flow regimes are quite different,and the applicability and accuracy of different methods and software are still lacking in systematic research. This paper takes the sampling pipeline as the research object and uses the average Knudsen number to divide the pipeline into three flow regimes:continuous flow,transition flow,and molecular flow. The results show that the conductance values obtained by different simulation methods are in good agreement with the theoretical values in the appropriate flow regime range;the conductance formula for viscous flow under the blocking effect is no longer applicable;by adding the second-order slip boundary condition to modify the Navier-Stokes equation,the expansion of the conductance calculation in the transition flow region can be realized. Conductance calculations are performed in vacuum pipelines to reduce the computational complexity of the simulation. The research results provide a reference for method selection for conductance calculation of vacuum pipelines under more complex working conditions.