Abstract: Vacuum metrology technology is an important foundation to ensure the successful implementation of manned space flight project, lunar exploration project, Beidou navigation project and other major space projects.Around the new tasks and requirements for vacuum metrology caused by the progress of metrology and space, the development of vacuum metrology has shown a strong momentum in depth, breadth and dimension. In recent years, focusing on the major national strategic needs, the original innovation research has been carried out by Lanzhou Institute of Physics aimed at the core scientific issues and key technologies involved in vacuum metrology and its space application, and then expanded the research fields from vacuum neutral gas measurement to space electric propulsion vacuum plasma test, satellite charging and discharging vacuum simulation test, space metrology in vacuum environment, etc. Related technologies have been widely used and played an important role in lunar sample sampling,spacecraft rendezvous and docking, space atomic clock development, satellite platform propulsion technology upgrading, satellite security protection and other fields.