Abstract: Carbon nanofibers were prepared by ethanol electrospinning process,and the process conditions were optimized.Carbon nanofibers with a uniform structure were prepared.EP solution and water vapor were selected as modification medium to analyze the difference in surface modification of carbon nanofibers by different methods.The results show that the optimal conditions for the preparation of carbon nanofibers by ethanol electrospinning are as follows:the mass fraction of tin salt solution is 70%,the distance between nickel sheet and electrospinning is 1.5 cm,and the firing time is 9 min.Carbon nanofibers with high carbon content were prepared by electrospinning under the normal condition of C73D1.5T9.Through DFT analysis,it is found that the pore size is 9.2 nm,and the pore volume of micropores and mesoporous are 0.094 and 0.213 respectively,forming a large number of micropores and mesoporous.EP-CNFs,Na-CNFs,and CNFs are uniformly mixed with water without stratification,while Wc-CNFs mixture forms a clarifying liquid,indicating that Wc-CNFs have settled.EP modification method can make EP activated group and carbon nanofiber active group interact,enhance the surface polarity of carbon nanofiber,avoid aggregation,and reach a more stable dispersion state.