凝结法精准充填原子钟用铷泡工艺参数的研究
Filling Rubidium Glass-Bubble for Atomic Clock by Accurate Condensation:A Methodological Study
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摘要: 因具有计时准确、重量轻、体积小和功耗低等优点,铷原子钟广泛应用于通讯和卫星导航领域,原子钟铷泡中精准的铷量是决定其稳定性和寿命长短的关键因素。采用自行设计制造的玻璃集成器,结合麦克斯韦速率分布规律和Langmuir物质蒸发与凝结理论,研究了凝结法充填铷泡过程中凝结速率和凝结时间等关键工艺参数的控制因素。研究结果表明,可以利用蒸发和凝结理论指导本研究中凝结工艺参数的优化;在设定的条件下,当凝结系数σ取0.016~0.019时,充铷量可以得到较精确地控制。Abstract: A Lab-built glass-integrator was developed to fill into the glass-bubble for atomic clock by accurate condensation of ultrapure rubidium vapor.The condensation of Ru-vapor in the environment of the newly-developed integrator with six glass-bubbles was mathematically modeled,theoretically analyzed in Maxwell speed distribution and Langmuir evaporation/condensation theories,and experimentally evaluated.The influence of the condensation-rate and condensation time on the condensation coefficient and precise Ru-mass was investigated for optimization of the condensation conditions.The condensation coefficient,derived by a combination of theoretical calculation and experimental correction,was estimated to be σ≌0.016~0.019.Test results show that the newly-developed integrator is capable of filling R-vapor into the glass-bubble to a precise mass of 300 μg at an accuracy of ± 50 μg.