Abstract: The sealing reliability of lunar sample container was assessed in maximum entropy test method.First, the strengths and weaknesses of the four assessment schemes available, including the counting method, small sample test (Bayes) method, variable measurement method and maximum entropy test method, were discussed.When it comes to sealing reliability assessment of lunar sample container, maximum entropy test method works best because it requires least number of sub-samples and involves neither safe-or-failure pattern nor any extra margin.Next, the leakage rate of the container was defined as the characteristic variable and the leakage-rate margin was evaluated in self-developed algorithm. Finally, the sealing reliability of the container under the critical conditions was estimated to be better than 0. 9999 (a confidence of 0. 90) in maximum entropy test method after a limited number of tests. The variable measurement method produced the same reliability assessment.