Jackiw–Rebbi States in Photonics: Topological Origins, Realization Mechanisms, and Functional Applications

The Jackiw-Rebbi (JR) state is an interface zero mode induced by a spatial sign reversal of the mass term in a one-dimensional Dirac model and represents a canonical model for topological interface states. With the development of topological photonics, engineering an effective Dirac mass has provided a unified route for constructing controllable optical interface modes. This review summarizes the topological origin and theoretical models of JR states, establishes their equivalent descriptions in photonic systems, and compares their implementation in all-dielectric metasurface, waveguide arrays, metallic and plasmonic systems, and non-Hermitian photonic systems. From the perspectives of structural design and device implementation, we analyze the common principles and key differences in mass-term control and interface construction across these platforms. We then review recent advances in JR-state-based interface lasers, refractive-index sensors, coherent control devices, and strong-coupling polariton platforms. Finally, we discuss current challenges and possible future directions. This review provides a systematic account of the physical understanding and engineering realization of JR states in photonics.