Research Progress of Cryostats Used in Experiments andRelated Refrigeration Technology

Cryostat is a device that utilizes refrigeration technology to provide and maintain a stable low-temperature environment. It is widely used in the fields of magnetic resonance systems, superconductivity, cryogenic spectroscopy, large scientific devices, and other low temperature tests in the laboratory. The dominant technologies to obtain low temperatures are refrigerants and cryogenic cooling. However, due to the limited cooling capacity of passive cooling, experimental cryostats still predominantly rely on refrigerant and active cooling. This paper presents several common experimental cryostat structures based on cryogenic liquid and active refrigeration, discusses the development of cryostats and associated issues, and analyzes the solutions adopted by leading products in the market. Additionally, the paper also outlines the progress of domestic cryostats and their related technologies, including a self-developed cryogenic thin film resistance test instrument. Finally, the paper provides a brief outlook on the research prospects for cryostats. This study offers technical references for domestic peers/colleagues within the field.